Programming

In the previous tutorial, we explored embedded Rust. Now we look at Rust for AI and Machine Learning — why Rust is growing in this space, what tools exist, and how to implement core ML concepts from scratch. This tutorial builds everything from standard Rust. No heavy dependencies. You will understand the math and patterns behind AI/ML, and learn about the crates that make production use practical. Why Rust for AI/ML? Python dominates AI/ML. So why use Rust? ...

In the previous tutorial, we explored Rust for AI/ML. Now we learn WebAssembly (WASM) — how to run Rust code in the browser at near-native speed. This is a conceptual tutorial. The code runs on your regular computer but demonstrates the exact patterns used in real Rust+WASM projects. You will understand how WASM works, how data flows between Rust and JavaScript, and how frameworks like Leptos build web apps entirely in Rust. ...

In the previous tutorial, we explored WebAssembly. Now we learn unsafe Rust — what it means, when you need it, and how to use it without breaking Rust’s safety guarantees. Rust’s safety system prevents bugs at compile time. But some things are impossible to verify at compile time. Raw pointer operations, FFI calls, and certain data structures need to bypass the borrow checker. That’s what unsafe is for. Important: unsafe doesn’t mean “dangerous” or “bad.” It means “the programmer is responsible for correctness here, not the compiler.” Used correctly, unsafe code is just as safe as safe code. ...

In the previous tutorial, we did a collections deep dive. Now we explore Embedded Rust — how Rust works on microcontrollers, what no_std means, and why Rust is becoming the language of choice for embedded systems. This is a conceptual tutorial. The code runs on your regular computer but demonstrates the patterns you use in real embedded Rust. You don’t need hardware to follow along. Why Rust for Embedded? Embedded systems have strict requirements: no crashes, no memory leaks, no undefined behavior. A bug in a pacemaker or car brakes can be fatal. ...

This is the final tutorial in our Rust series. We bring together everything you learned — ownership, error handling, async, web APIs, databases, and CLI tools — into one complete project. We will build LinkShort, a URL shortener. It has two parts: A REST API — create, list, and redirect short links (Axum + SQLx) A CLI tool — manage links from the terminal (Clap + Reqwest) By the end, you will have a working application that you can run locally, extend, and deploy. ...

In the previous tutorial, we learned variables, types, and functions. Now we tackle the most important concept in Rust — ownership. Ownership is what makes Rust unique. It is the reason Rust has no garbage collector, yet never leaks memory. Every Rust programmer must understand ownership. Once you get it, the rest of Rust clicks into place. Why Ownership Exists Most languages manage memory in one of two ways: Garbage collector (Java, Kotlin, Go, Python) — A background process finds and frees unused memory. Simple for the programmer, but uses extra CPU and can cause pauses. Manual management (C, C++) — The programmer allocates and frees memory. Fast, but easy to make mistakes — use-after-free, double-free, memory leaks. Rust takes a third approach: ...

In the previous tutorial, we learned about ownership. We saw that passing a value to a function moves it, and you cannot use it anymore. That works, but it is limiting. What if a function only needs to read the data? What if it needs to modify it but give it back? You should not have to move ownership every time. This is where borrowing comes in. Borrowing lets you use a value without taking ownership of it. The value stays with the original owner. ...

In the previous tutorial, we learned file I/O. Now we learn macros — one of Rust’s most powerful features for code generation. Macros let you write code that writes code. They run at compile time and expand into regular Rust code. You have already used macros like println!(), vec![], and format!(). Now you will write your own. What Are Macros? A macro is a pattern that expands into code at compile time. When you write println!("hello"), the compiler replaces it with the actual printing code before compilation. ...

In the previous tutorial, we built CLI tools with Clap. Now we learn File I/O — reading files, writing files, working with paths, and walking directories. File I/O is something every program needs. Rust makes it safe and explicit. Every file operation returns a Result, so you always handle errors. No silent failures. No corrupted data. Path and PathBuf Before reading or writing files, you need to understand paths. Rust has two path types: ...

In the previous tutorial, we built a database-backed API with SQLx. Now we switch gears and learn Clap — the most popular library for building command-line tools in Rust. CLI tools are one of Rust’s sweet spots. Fast startup, small binaries, no runtime needed. Tools like ripgrep, bat, fd, and exa are all written in Rust. Clap handles the argument parsing so you can focus on the logic. By the end of this tutorial, you will build a complete CLI tool with subcommands, flags, and validated arguments. ...